What distinguishes continuous control from discrete control?

Continuous control is characterized by its capability to manage processes that change smoothly and continuously over time. This means that the control system is always responding to variations in process conditions, such as temperature, pressure, or flow rates, in a seamless manner. Continuous control systems typically employ technologies that allow them to adjust the amount of input or output in real time, thereby maintaining desired setpoints or conditions without interruption.

In contrast to continuous control, discrete control systems are designed to operate with processes that can be categorized into distinct states or that react at specific intervals. For example, turning machinery on or off, or controlling motors in a stepwise fashion, are hallmarks of discrete control. Its applications are not suited to continuously varying conditions, requiring a fundamentally different approach. The ability of continuous control to adapt to and operate within a range of values rather than a distinct on-off scenario highlights its distinct function within control systems.