What is "feedback" in a control system?

In a control system, feedback refers to the process where the output of the system is measured and then used to adjust the input in order to achieve the desired performance or setpoint. This mechanism is crucial for maintaining control over the system's operation, allowing it to automatically correct any deviations from the desired output. The feedback loop enables continuous monitoring and adjustment, effectively ensuring that the system remains stable and performs optimally.

For example, in a temperature control system, if the temperature sensor detects that the temperature is lower than the setpoint, it sends a signal to increase the heating input. Conversely, if it detects that the temperature is too high, it will reduce the heating input. This adjustment based on the output – the actual temperature – illustrates the principle of feedback and its importance in achieving the desired control.

This understanding is essential for anyone involved in control systems, as feedback mechanisms are foundational to ensuring accurate and reliable system performance.